Monday, 19 March 2018

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR DETERGENT AND COSMETICS CHEMISTRY


TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR DETERGENT AND COSMETICS CHEMISTRY 

1a. What is a surface active agent?
b. State and explain the classes of surfactants.
c. Enumerate the differences between surfactants and detergents?

2. Complete the following chemical reaction

b. What is A, B, C, D and E?
c. Name the final product of the above reaction

d. Give the comprehensive chemistry involved in the manufacture of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LABS)

3a. Define cosmetics?
b. Mention the types/classes of cosmetic you know?
c. Explain the general method for preparing facepower.
d. List  5 applications of cosmetics
4a. Enumerate  the main ingredients for preparing hair cream, body cream and lipstics?
b. State the properties and importance of using the following cosmetic products on the human body;
i. Body creamJJJ
ii. Face powder
iii. Hair cream
iv. Lipstick
5a. What effect does temperature have on the cleaning efficiency?
b. Mention 5 differences between soaps and detergent



TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATION


TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATION
1. What do you understand by the word fermentation?
2. Mention the conditions that are favourable for fermentation to take place
3. State the types of micro-organisms that can be used in fermentation
4. What is an enzyme?
5. Give 5 characteristics of enzymes
6. Describe the role of zymase in the fermentation process of ethanol production from glucose
7. Define industrial fermentation?
8. State and explain the types of fermentation processes you know
9. How does pH, temperature and aeration  affect the following types of fermentation;
a. submerged fermentation  b. solid state fermentation c. surface fermentation
10. Mention 3 differences between batch and continuous fermentation
11. Describe the fermentation processes used in the production of lactic and fumaric acid.
12. Mention 10 substrates/raw materials and micro-organisms that can be used in fermentation process
13. Explain the role of hexacyanoferrate (HCF) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the production of citric acid
14. With a suitable chemical equation, give the examples and end product of using homofermentative and heterofermentative organisms in the fermentation process of lactic acid production.
15. Mention 2 types of micro-organisms used in the production;
(a). Citric acid (b). Acetic acid (d). Fumaric acid (e). Itaconic acid
16. How does pH affects the fermentation process of itacaonic acid production?
17. Mention 5 differences between solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation.







TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR CHEMISTRY OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR CHEMISTRY OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
1. State and explain the classes of raw materials used in chemical industries
2. Describe the types of chemical process you know
3. What are the important factors that influence the operating conditions of chemical industries?
4.  Using step by step chemical equations, explain the process of coal gasification
5. Give 5 examples of raw materials obtained from catalytic cracking and reforming of crude oil
6. Define the following terms;
(a). Yield                   (b).  Carbon-footprint                   (c). Pyrolysis
(d). Carbonization             (e). Polymerization               (f). Oxidation/reduction
g. Double decomposition         (h). Nitration        (i). Electrolysis
7. State the process factors that are used to evaluate the eligibility of a chemical reaction for possible application in industries
8. For decades, coal is a well known primary raw material that serves as a chief source of chemical network to different chemical industries.  State and explain an example of a primary raw material, like coal that can serve as a chemical network for different chemical industries
9. State the main sources of brine
10. Explain the methods used for the manufacture of common salt
11. Mention 5 uses of caustic soda
12. Explain the electrolytic process of brine
13. State and explain the types of cells used in the manufacture of caustic soda and chlorine by electrolysis
14. Explain the following processes used in the industrial production of soda ash;
(a). Le blanc process      (b). Solvay’s ammonia soda process         (c). Dual process
15. What is industrial process?
16. With suitable examples, describe the types of industrial processes you know
17. Mention two intermediate products and two end products from each of the following
(a). propene  (b). ethane (c). butenes   (d). benzene        (e). xylenes
18. Discuss briefly the distillation of crude oil and outline how the primary petrochemicals are obtained.
19. Mention atleast three chemicals obtained from;
a. sucrose    b. cellulose  c. sea water d. wood
20. What is percent yield?
b. Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) decomposed to form 15g of MgO in the actual experiment. If the theoretical yield is 19g, what is the percent yield of MgO?

Saturday, 24 February 2018

MY OWN KADUNA ESSAY COMPETITION

     MY OWN KADUNA STATE COMPETITION
                             
                           
EDUCATION:
Qualitative education is the backbone of every enlightened society. It is the pride of the individual, the pride of the family and indeed the pride of nation as a whole. Access to qualitative education is highly responsible for the development of every society. A society that provides qualitative education to its people will be more progressive and highly developed. As this government is pursuing various education reforms necessary to support the implementation of first class standard education system that will accurately measure students/graduates readiness for college or career training, the education system of Kaduna state can be upgraded through:
Providing quality education, free education and scholarships to students.
Employing qualified teachers/tutors with at least Bachelor of Education (B.Ed), good values and professional experience.
Provide good structure of curriculum and conducive environment for learning.
Renovation and expansion of schools (especially public primary and secondary schools).
Building and equipping more standard classrooms (chairs and tables), laboratories and libraries e.t.c to promote learning and research.
Motivating teachers through enhancing their salary package, easy access to loans and training.
Strict supervision and monitoring of teachers and funds meant for school management.
HEALTH SECTOR:
Health facilities (health centres, personnel, drugs and medical equipment) are inadequate in the state especially in the rural areas. The performance of the health sector can be improve by maintaining, upgrading, rebuilding and expanding  hospitals, primary health centres, collection and monitoring of health data, provision of essential drugs, improve on immunization programs, promote treatment of epidemic diseases, improve material, child care, family planning, educate people on prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling.
TRANSPORTATION:
The performance of roads in Kaduna state has not been satisfactory despite its enormous potentials for growth and development. The provision of standards road and transportation facilities are fundamentally important to the development of Kaduna state as well as the well being of its inhabitant. An efficient and affordable public transport system should be a major priority of this administration. Recently, roads within Kaduna states are in bad conditions due to population growth, increased number of motorists, narrow intra-city roads, poor planning of housing structure, poor road maintainance which causes traffic congestion and difficult movement within urban areas (Kaduna city). However the railway services is not efficient and the inter-city transportation (taxi and buses) is informal these are weaknesses that needs to be addressed in the development plan. These problems can be tackled through:
Urban planning
Expansion and construction of standard roads and bridges. Maintainance and rehabilitation of overall transport system in order to ease movement and boost socio-economic growth.
Improving the mobility of the population as well as improving links that will be economically beneficial. A high speed rail link forms a key part of this; the purpose of the high speed railway is to link Kaduna city with Kaduna airport and other major cities.
A new tram and/or improved bus service, including regulated services offering direct links to locations across the city.
Development of a new ring road to ease city centre congestion, improve mobility and provide good network roads that will ease transportation from rural to urban area and vice versa.

Improving Agricultural sector:
Agriculture can be improved through the following:
Provision of fertilizer to farmers at subsidized price,
Provision of agricultural latest technology
Provision of pest control and other useful agriculture chemicals
Provision of Agricultural insurance
Rural electrification
Support large and small scale irrigation skills
Adoption of world best agricultural practices and training
Public enlightenment and training of farmers on how to use modern facilities and technology.

Industrialization and Job creation:
Industralization is critical to economic development because it equips nation with the skills, equipment and processes to make fuller and better use of its resources for greater and more diversified production and exchange. Industrialization is a way to increase the state income, to secure employment opportunities, expand market for local raw materials and a means of increasing internal generated revenue. Industries in Kaduna State can be developed through:
Privatization
Encourage private industries
Luring foreign investors to invest in the state
Nurturing and funding of small and medium industries
Providing infrastructure, enabling business regulatory and conducive environment
Promoting and supporting, development and training services in tertiary institutions
Identification of key industrial sectors
Development of a focused and clear industrial strategy
Reviving textile industries: The revival of the textile industries will play a major role in government effort to curb unemployment and low internal generated revenue. This administration should intervene and accelerate in finding possible ways to revive the textile industries through solving the problems of poor infrastructure, electricity supply, and smuggling of fake raw materials.
Employing youths that will be well trained, adequately equipped and goal driven security agents, peace corps, park rangers and traffic inspectors.
Promoting inclusive development, so that women, minorities and vulnerable populations benefit from socio-economic growth and opportunities.

ADVERT FOR PART-TIME ADMISSION INTO KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION (SCE)

KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION (SCE)
APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION INTO SCHOOL PART-TIME DEGREE PROGRAMMES FOR THE 2017/2018 ACADEMIC SESSION
In consideration of the need to increase accessibility and alternative ways of learning in the State and the country at large, Kaduna State University is giving candidates the opportunity to apply for Degree Programmes on part-time basis. These approved part-time programmes are for duration of five (5) years. The programmes are listed below:
I. B.Sc Accounting
II. B.Sc Business Administration
III. B.Sc Criminology
IV. B.SC Economics
V. B.Sc Geography
VI. B.Sc International Relations
VII. B.Sc Political Science
VIII. B.Sc Sociology
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS:
1. 100 Level Admission;
A minimum UTME Score of 170 in the last UTME examinations (2017)  with the appropriate subject combinations, regardless of first choice of institution.
5 relevant O’ Level credit passes (including English and Mathematics) obtained in not more than 2 sittings from any approved examination bodies.
2. Direct Entry Candidates (200 Level);
Applicants are expected to be matured candidates of at least 25 years as at January 2017.
Possess recognized Advanced Level qualifications in areas relevant to the interested programme. Such qualification include: General Certification of Education (GCE) ‘A’ Level, Interim Joint Matriculation Board (IJMB) certificate (with minimum of 6 points), National Diploma (ND), Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE), and any other equivalent and relevant qualification (s).
Possess 5 relevant O’ Level credit passes (including English and Mathematics) obtained in not more than 2 sittings from any approved examination bodies.

METHOD OF APPLICATION:
Interested candidates should log into Kaduna State University School of Continuing Education portal (sce.kasu.edu.ng) and follow the procedures below:
Create your profile by using your correct e-mail address and password
Continue your registration by logging in with your profile details, fill the application form, and submit.
Note:
The University will not enter into correspondence with any candidate on its decision.
Candidates offered provisional admission will be required to present their original credentials at the point of screening and registration.
Admission form is FREE.
Candidates are expected to pay the sum of N2,000.00 (Two Thousand  Naira only) as screening fees. Payment should be made online using any acceptable debit (Visa, Verve and Master) card or through any commercial bank for the payment to the understated account;
Revenue Code – 12040673
The closing date is FRIDAY 9, MARCH 2018.

Signed:
Samuel S. Manshop
Registrar.

Saturday, 17 February 2018

BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO ADVERT FOR PART-TIME DEGREE APPLICATION

BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO
SCHOOL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION (SCE)
APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION INTO PART-TIME DEGREE PROGRAMMES

Applications are invited from qualified candidates for Direct Entry Admission into the following Part-Time Degree Programmes for the 2017/2018 Session •

DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
B.A. Arabic
B.A. English
B.A. Hausa
B.A. Islamic Studies

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
B.A. (Ed) Arabic
B.A. (Ed) English
B.A. (Ed) Hausa
B.A. (Ed) Islamic Studies
B .Ed. Adult Education
BLS Library Science
B.Sc. (Ed) Economics
B.Sc. (Ed) Geography
B.Sc. (Ed) Mathematics
B.Sc. Health Education

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCES
B. Nursing Science
B.Sc. Geography
B.Sc. Mathematics

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND ADMINISTRATION
B.Sc. Accounting
B.Sc. Banking and Finance
B.Sc. Business Administration
B.Sc. Criminology and Security Studies
B.Sc. Economics
B.Sc. International Relations
B.Sc. Mass Communication
B.Sc. Public Administration

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
Applicants for admission into the programmes must satisfy the following conditions:

A. Possess a recognized Advanced Level qualification(s) in an area relevant to the programme of choice. Such qualification(s) include(s) National Diploma (ND), Nigeria Certificate of Education (NCE), Interim Joint Matriculation Board (IJMB) – (with a minimum of 6 points), Nursing Certificate, Diploma in Health Education, Diploma in Community Health, Diploma in Environmental Health, General Certificate of Education (GCE) ‘A’ Level and any other equivalent and relevant qualification (s).

B.  Possess a minimum of five ‘O’ Level Credits in relevant subjects, including English Language.

C.  Must be 25 years and above.

D.  In addition, applicants for admission into B.Sc Accounting, B.Sc Business Administration, B.Sc Mathematics, B.Sc (Ed) Mathematics, and B.Sc (Ed) Economics must also have credits in ‘O’ Level Mathematics, while candidates for B.Nursing Science and B.Sc. Health Education must have credits in English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry and Physics. Candidates with ‘O’ Level qualification will not be considered.

APPLICATION PROCEDURE

Step –  1-  Applicant should visit www.buk.edu.ng and under the PART-TIME DEGREE STUDENTS click Application Forms at the homepage. Login using your NAME and Select “Applying for a Part-Time Degree Programme”.

 Step – 2 - Personalized Payment Invoice will be sent immediately into your email inbox. The invoice is to be printed and taken to any branch of the Banks written therein to make a non-refundable payment of N10,500.00 (Ten Thousand Five Hundred Naira) only.

Step – 3 - Return to www.buk.edu.ng and login to fill in the Application Form. Fill in the personal data form, qualification form, and programme selection form.

 Step – 4 - Review your forms to ensure the accuracy of all the information you have provided. Click ‘SUBMIT’ to complete the application process.

Step – 5 - An auto-generated Acknowledgement Slip will be sent immediately into applicant’s mail box. Print the Slip and keep it safe. The Slip will be needed during the collection of Admission Letter and During Registration.

Payment at the Bank opens Monday 30th January, 2018 and Closes Monday 31st March, 2018. For inquiries or difficulties in applying, emails should be sent to application.pt@buk.edu.ng .

Signed
Professor Salisu Shehu
Dean, School of Continuing Education

Monday, 29 January 2018

The first private medical university in Nigeria, PAMO University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Port Harcourt, has commenced undergraduate admission for its first batch of applicants for the 2017/2018 academic year.

 The university which was recently licensed by the federal government, is the first full-fledged private medical university in the country.

The take-off faculties are: Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences and Faculty of Clinical Sciences.


Suitably-qualified candidates are invited for screening and admission into undergraduate degree programmes in the two faculties.

The programmes include Anatomy, Biochemistry, Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Pharmacology and Physiology for Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences as well as Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS) for the Faculty of Clinical Sciences.

A statement by the Registrar of the institution, W.U.G. Imoedemhe, said applicants are expected to have five credit passes at SSCE (or equivalent) in relevant subjects (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, English Language and Mathematics), at not more than two sittings and, must have scored 200 and above in the 2017/2018 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) in relevant subjects.

 The statement said interested applicants who have applied for the Joint Admissions Matriculation Board (JAMB) for admission and wish to change their first choice to PUMS are required to apply for Change of Institution through JAMB and then apply online at www.pums.edu.ng to participate in the screening/clearance exercise.

 It added that application form should be completed online through the university website www.pums.edu.ng.

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 The Quality of Nigerian Cola nut Cola. nitida(red cola nut) The cultivation of Cola nitidaalso known a...