TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR DETERGENT AND COSMETICS CHEMISTRY

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR DETERGENT AND COSMETICS CHEMISTRY 

1a. What is a surface active agent?

b. State and explain the classes of surfactants.

c. Enumerate the differences between surfactants and detergents?

2. Complete the following chemical reaction

b. What is A, B, C, D and E?

c. Name the final product of the above reaction

d. Give the comprehensive chemistry involved in the manufacture of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LABS)

3a. Define cosmetics?

b. Mention the types/classes of cosmetic you know?

c. Explain the general method for preparing facepower.

d. List  5 applications of cosmetics

4a. Enumerate  the main ingredients for preparing hair cream, body cream and lipstics?

b. State the properties and importance of using the following cosmetic products on the human body;

i. Body creamJJJ

ii. Face powder

iii. Hair cream

iv. Lipstick

5a. What effect does temperature have on the cleaning efficiency?

b. Mention 5 differences between soaps and detergent

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATION

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATION

1. What do you understand by the word fermentation?

2. Mention the conditions that are favourable for fermentation to take place

3. State the types of micro-organisms that can be used in fermentation

4. What is an enzyme?

5. Give 5 characteristics of enzymes

6. Describe the role of zymase in the fermentation process of ethanol production from glucose

7. Define industrial fermentation?

8. State and explain the types of fermentation processes you know

9. How does pH, temperature and aeration  affect the following types of fermentation;

a. submerged fermentation  b. solid state fermentation c. surface fermentation

10. Mention 3 differences between batch and continuous fermentation

11. Describe the fermentation processes used in the production of lactic and fumaric acid.

12. Mention 10 substrates/raw materials and micro-organisms that can be used in fermentation process

13. Explain the role of hexacyanoferrate (HCF) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) in the production of citric acid

14. With a suitable chemical equation, give the examples and end product of using homofermentative and heterofermentative organisms in the fermentation process of lactic acid production.

15. Mention 2 types of micro-organisms used in the production;

(a). Citric acid (b). Acetic acid (d). Fumaric acid (e). Itaconic acid

16. How does pH affects the fermentation process of itacaonic acid production?

17. Mention 5 differences between solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation.

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR CHEMISTRY OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR CHEMISTRY OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

1. State and explain the classes of raw materials used in chemical industries

2. Describe the types of chemical process you know

3. What are the important factors that influence the operating conditions of chemical industries?

4.  Using step by step chemical equations, explain the process of coal gasification

5. Give 5 examples of raw materials obtained from catalytic cracking and reforming of crude oil

6. Define the following terms;

(a). Yield                   (b).  Carbon-footprint                   (c). Pyrolysis

(d). Carbonization             (e). Polymerization               (f). Oxidation/reduction

g. Double decomposition         (h). Nitration        (i). Electrolysis

7. State the process factors that are used to evaluate the eligibility of a chemical reaction for possible application in industries

8. For decades, coal is a well known primary raw material that serves as a chief source of chemical network to different chemical industries.  State and explain an example of a primary raw material, like coal that can serve as a chemical network for different chemical industries

9. State the main sources of brine

10. Explain the methods used for the manufacture of common salt

11. Mention 5 uses of caustic soda

12. Explain the electrolytic process of brine

13. State and explain the types of cells used in the manufacture of caustic soda and chlorine by electrolysis

14. Explain the following processes used in the industrial production of soda ash;

(a). Le blanc process      (b). Solvay’s ammonia soda process         (c). Dual process

15. What is industrial process?

16. With suitable examples, describe the types of industrial processes you know

17. Mention two intermediate products and two end products from each of the following

(a). propene  (b). ethane (c). butenes   (d). benzene        (e). xylenes

18. Discuss briefly the distillation of crude oil and outline how the primary petrochemicals are obtained.

19. Mention atleast three chemicals obtained from;

a. sucrose    b. cellulose  c. sea water d. wood

20. What is percent yield?

b. Magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃) decomposed to form 15g of MgO in the actual experiment. If the theoretical yield is 19g, what is the percent yield of MgO?