USES OF ANIMAL AND PLANT PRODUCTS

ANIMAL PRODUCTS An animal product is any material derived from the body of an animal. Most animal products are us raw materials in industries. Some examples of animal products and their use are stated below: Animal fiber: these include wool and silk. Wools come mainly from fleece of sheep. We get wool from goat, yak, camel and rabbit while silk is produced from silk worms and spider. It is used in textile manufacturing, mats, sacks and apparel. Ambergris: it is used as a fixative for fine perfumes, medicinal purposes and as an aphrodisiac. Ambergris is also used to enhance the flavours of food and wine and for herbal and homeopathic remedies. Beeswax: it is used in the production of food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics such as lotions, creams, lip balm, deodorant. It is used as a natural remedy for cold and flu. Candle making Casein: used in food and beverages, plastics, pharmaceutical, clothing, cosmetics, adhesives, colorant and paint) Castoreum: secretion of the beaver used in perfumes and in food flavoring Feathers: upholstery padding, animal feed and fertilization, bio-diesel. Fur: used in clothing (making garments such as coats stoles wraps and hats) and textile industries. Horn, including antlers, ivory, tusks: used as musical instruments, drinking vessels, in medicine and used as a tools in furniture, decoration, plastic industries and also in making glue. Hide and skin: it is used in clothing, drum, footwear, bags, upholstery, mats e.t.c Manure: used as organic fertilizer in agriculture and generation of green energy. Mink oil (from wolverines and otters): used in medical and skin care products, preservative for all kind of leather, polish for footwear. Tallow: used in food, candle and soap production, manufacture of biodiesel energy production, lubrication, medicine. Venom: medicinal (treatment of cancer and venom immunotherapy to treat insect sting allergies) Dairy products (e.g., milk, cheese, yogurt, etc.): used in food industries, fabric, adhesives and plastics. Eggs: food industry, cosmetics, animal feed, preservatives, nutraceutical, medicinal and pharmaceutical (vaccines) Gelatin: used as a gelling agent in food pharmaceutical drugs, photography, nutraceuticals, and cosmetic manufacturing. Honey: pharmaceutical and dental industries as well as for cosmetics ointments, soaps, serves as sugar in brewery industries (beer and wine), food industry, antiseptic for scrapes and cuts e.t.c. Isinglass: used in brewery industry (clarification of beer, wine and other liquid), preservative, and it can be used as glue. PLANT PRODUCTS A plant product is a product made from plant material. Plant products are used raw materials in wide variety of industries to produce food, clothing, cosmetics, perfumes, household goods, tools, machineries, agriculture, pharmaceutical, automobile, building and constructions for human consumption and applications. Some examples of plant products and their uses are listed below: Jute is used for twine, rope, carpet and linoleum backing, insulation, paper manufacture, burlap bags, and other woven products. Leather has been traditionally tanned using tannin obtained mainly from tree barks, particularly oaks. Bayberry wax is used to make candles. Cotton is used in manufacturing some carpets as well as for all sorts of cloth products such as clothing, towels, curtains, napkins, upholstered furniture, etc. and even finer papers. Linen, made from the flax plant, is used for fine tablecloths, handkerchiefs and napkins. Linseed oil from flax plant is used to produce oil paints. Potato or corn starch is often used for sizing paper and fabrics. The most widely manufactured synthetic fiber, rayon, is made from cellulose. Sorghum: used in food industry, brewery and also natural brooms are made from a type of sorghum grass. Coconut oil is found in soaps, shampoos, and suntan lotions, and is used to make glycerin, which is found in a variety of products including toothpastes, cosmetics and soaps. Ammonium lauryl sulfate, a key shampoo ingredient, is derived from coconut. Coconut fiber, called coir, is used for door mats, bristles and brushes among many other uses. Coconuts shells are also used as cups and bowls and carved into knicknacks. Corn is used in thousands of food and nonfood products such as adhesives, aspirin, cosmetics, crayons, chalk, degradable plastics, disposable diapers, dyes, leather, firecrackers, paper plates and cups, etc. Corn silk is used in some kinds of makeup. Bamboo is used in building and construction, furniture and handles of various objects such as garden rakes. Palm leaves: wide variety of craft and decorative items for homes are made from dried flowers, leaves, fruits or cones. They are woven into baskets, hats and mats. Baskets, cane chair seats, wicker furniture, blankets, cloth bags and many other woven products are made from plants. Houseplants and cut flowers are widely used as home as home decoration. Rubber: rubber tree grows naturally in South America, but there are also plantations in Asia. If its bark is cut, the tree produces a milky fluid called latex. People harvest the latex so that it can be turned into rubber, a useful, elastic material. Not all rubber comes from rubber trees. Most is made artificially from petroleum. Lavender: vast farms of lavender are found around the Mediterranean, in Britain, and in the United States. The plant is grown for its scented oil, produced in oil glands on the stems, leaves, and flowers. The harvested flowers may be dried, or pressed to extract the oil. Sometimes the oil is distilled to create a purer, “essential” oil. Lavender oil is used in aromatherapy and as an ingredient for perfumes, soaps, and other cosmetics. Wood: harvested wood is called timber. Its strength makes it useful in the building trade, especially for creating supporting frameworks. Pine and other softwoods are the most widely used because they grow straight. They also grow fast, which makes their timber cheap and renewable (easily replaced). Hardwood, from flowering trees, grows slowly. It is more costly and is used for furniture. Most paper comes from softwood trees, such as pines. First, machines or chemicals break down the wood chips into fibres. This is called pulping. Wood from plant product is used for furniture (desks, chairs, tables, lamps), building materials (walls, doors, floors, molding, house frames), tools (ladders, rulers, pencils, handles), paper (writing, wallpaper, decorations, toys, money, calendar, notepad paper towels, tissues, toilet paper, books, magazines, newspapers, cardboard, notepads, wax paper,), boats, sports equipment (bats, golf clubs, cues for pool, arrows, hurdles), musical instruments (pianos, violins, guitars, basses, recorders), machinery parts, looms, spinning wheel. Wood is is also used for a wide variety of miscellaneous products such as matches, pencils, knicknacks, knobs, handles, etc. Cork for bulletin boards, wine stoppers, sound proofing e.t.c. Henna is a shrub that grows in the Middle East and North Africa. Its leaves are harvested for their reddish-brown pigment. This is used to dye clothes, hair, and even people’s skin. Greenish henna paste, made from powdered leaves, is used to paint the skin. When the paste dries and rubs off, the skin looks tattooed. Natural fibres: Plants produce long groups of cells, called fibres. These can be used to make textiles, such as cotton, as well as other materials such as paper. Natural fibres are used as reinforcing materials in automobile and construction industries because of their strong and flexible properties. Flax and hemp were two of the earliest fibres used by people. All sorts of plants are used for fragrances in soaps, perfumes, shampoos, and household cleaners, including cinnamon, lemon, rose, jasmine, papaya, etc. Basic household cleaners include lemon juice and vinegar, the latter made from plants such as apples. Lemon is particularly popular in dishwashing liquid and furniture polish. Pinesol cleaner does indeed contain pine oil. Turpentine also comes from pine trees. Carnuba or carnauba wax from the carnauba palm is used in fine waxes for cars,furniture and floors and as a coating on dental floss, disposable cups and plates, lipstick, and Chapstick. Toothpastes usually contain plant flavorings such as peppermint, spearmint, cinnamon,wintergreen, or menthol. One brand even contains cloves, myrrh, and grapefruit seed oil. Many printing inks are derived from soybean. Cellophane also comes from tree cellulose.